Test Catalog

Test Id : CHRCV

Chromosome Analysis, Chorionic Villus Sampling

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities, including aneuploidy (ie, trisomy or monosomy) and balanced rearrangements

 

This test is not appropriate as a first-tier test for detecting gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities.

Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request

Cultures from this specimen will be discarded 10 days after all cytogenetic test results have been reported. If further testing is desired, call the laboratory at 800-533-1710.

Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.

Test Id Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
_ML15 Metaphases, <15 No, (Bill Only) No
_M15 Metaphases, 15 No, (Bill Only) No
_MG14 Metaphases, >15 No, (Bill Only) No
_KTG1 Karyotypes, >1 No, (Bill Only) No
_STAC Ag-Nor/CBL Stain No, (Bill Only) No

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

This test is not appropriate as a first-tier test for detecting gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities.

 

This test includes a charge for cell culture of fresh specimens and professional interpretation of results. Analysis charges will be incurred for total work performed, and generally include 2 banded karyograms and the analysis of 20 metaphase cells. If no metaphase cells are available for analysis, no analysis charges will be incurred. If additional analysis work is required, additional charges may be incurred.

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Cell Culture Followed by Chromosome Analysis

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Chromosomes, Chorionic Villus Samp

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Karyotype, Chorionic Villus Sampling

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

This test is not appropriate as a first-tier test for detecting gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities.

 

This test includes a charge for cell culture of fresh specimens and professional interpretation of results. Analysis charges will be incurred for total work performed, and generally include 2 banded karyograms and the analysis of 20 metaphase cells. If no metaphase cells are available for analysis, no analysis charges will be incurred. If additional analysis work is required, additional charges may be incurred.

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Tissue

Ordering Guidance

This test should be performed for prenatal diagnostic purposes only. A chromosomal microarray (CMAP / Chromosomal Microarray, Prenatal, Amniotic Fluid/Chorionic Villus Sampling) is recommended, rather than chromosomal analysis, to detect clinically relevant gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray can also be considered, rather than chromosome analysis, for patients undergoing invasive prenatal diagnostic testing with a structurally normal fetus.

 

Portions of the specimen may be used for other tests such as molecular genetic testing, biochemical testing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing (including PADF / Prenatal Aneuploidy Detection, FISH). If additional molecular genetic or biochemical genetic testing is needed, order CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Genetic Test so that cell cultures may be set up specifically for the use in these tests.

Shipping Instructions

Advise Express Mail or equivalent if not on courier service.

Necessary Information

Provide a reason for referral with each specimen. The laboratory will not reject testing if this information is not provided, but appropriate testing and interpretation may be compromised or delayed.

ORDER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question ID Description Answers
CG769 Reason For Referral

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Specimen Type: Chorionic villi

Supplies: CVS Media (RPMI) and Small Dish (T095)

Container/Tube: 15-mL tube containing 15 mL of transport media

Specimen Volume: 20-30 mg

Collection Instructions:

1. Collect chorionic villus specimen (CVS) by the transabdominal or transcervical method.

2. Transfer the CVS to a Petri dish containing transport medium (Such as CVS Media [RPMI] and Small Dish [T095]).

3. Using a stereomicroscope and sterile forceps, assess the quality and quantity of the villi and remove any blood clots and maternal decidua.

4. If ordering with PADF / Prenatal Aneuploidy Detection, FISH, submit a minimum of 14 mg.

5. If ordering with CMAP / Chromosomal Microarray, Prenatal, Amniotic Fluid/Chorionic Villus Sampling, submit a minimum of 24 mg.

6. If ordering with both PADF and CMAP, then submit a minimum of 26 mg.

Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test

Forms

New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available:

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

The following is the minimum volume when only this test is ordered:

12 mg

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Tissue Refrigerated (preferred)
Ambient

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities, including aneuploidy (ie, trisomy or monosomy) and balanced rearrangements

 

This test is not appropriate as a first-tier test for detecting gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities.

Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request

Cultures from this specimen will be discarded 10 days after all cytogenetic test results have been reported. If further testing is desired, call the laboratory at 800-533-1710.

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

This test is not appropriate as a first-tier test for detecting gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with 1 or more major structural abnormalities.

 

This test includes a charge for cell culture of fresh specimens and professional interpretation of results. Analysis charges will be incurred for total work performed, and generally include 2 banded karyograms and the analysis of 20 metaphase cells. If no metaphase cells are available for analysis, no analysis charges will be incurred. If additional analysis work is required, additional charges may be incurred.

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Although not used as widely as amniocentesis, the use of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for chromosome analysis is an important procedure for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities. CVS can be collected by either transcervical or transabdominal techniques. The medical indications for performing chromosome studies on CVS are similar to those for amniocentesis, and may include advanced maternal age, abnormal prenatal screen, and family history of a chromosome abnormality.

 

A chromosomal microarray (CMAP / Chromosomal Microarray, Prenatal, Amniotic Fluid/Chorionic Villus Sampling) is recommended, rather than chromosomal analysis, to detect clinically relevant gains or losses of chromosomal material in pregnancies with one or more major structural abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray can also be considered, rather than chromosome analysis, for patients undergoing invasive prenatal diagnostic testing with a structurally normal fetus.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

An interpretive report will be provided.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

Cytogenetic studies on chorionic villus specimens (CVS) are considered nearly 100% accurate for the detection of non-mosaic whole chromosome abnormalities. Most sub-chromosomal abnormalities greater than 5-20Mb are also easily detectable dependent on size, location, and quality of the metaphase chromosomes. Very subtle or cryptic abnormalities involving microdeletions/duplication can typically only be detected by chromosomal microarray or targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization testing.

 

Approximately 3% of CVS samples analyzed are found to have chromosome abnormalities. Some of these chromosome abnormalities are balanced and may not be associated with birth defects. A normal karyotype does not rule out the possibility of birth defects, such as those caused by submicroscopic cytogenetic abnormalities, pathogenic molecular variants, and environmental factors (ie, teratogen exposure). For these reasons, clinicians should inform their patients of the technical limitations of chromosome analysis before the procedure is performed, so that patients may make an informed decision about pursuing the procedure.

 

Limitations:

-Abnormal results from CVS analysis may represent confined placental mosaicism and may not reflect the fetal karyotype.

-Only large abnormalities visible by manual inspection are detectable; subtle structural chromosome abnormalities may be missed

-Artifacts of cell culture may very rarely be misinterpreted as mosaicism in the sample.

 

It is recommended that a qualified professional in Medical Genetics communicate all results to the patient.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Interfering factors:

-Inadequate amount of specimen may not permit adequate analysis.

-Exposure of the specimen to temperature extremes (freezing or >30 degrees C) may kill cells and severely interfere with attempts to culture cells.

-Improper packaging may result in broken, leaky, and contaminated specimens during transport.

-Transport time should not exceed 2 days.

-Contamination by maternal cells may interfere with attempts to culture cells and may cause interpretive problems.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Genetics. Committee Opinion No. 581: the use of chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122:1374-1377

2. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). The use of chromosomal microarray for prenatal diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215:B2-B9

3. Committee Opinion, 640. Cell-free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Genetics. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;123:e31-e37

4. Wilson KL, Czerwinski JL, Hoskovec JM, et al. NSGC practice guideline: prenatal screening and diagnostic testing options for chromosome aneuploidy. J Genet Couns. 2013;22:4-15

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The chorionic villi are thoroughly cleaned using sterile forceps to remove remaining maternal decidua and blood clots. The villi are then treated with trypsin and collagenase. The cells are then grown, harvested, and analyzed using the In Situ Culture and Analysis (ISCA) method. In the harvest procedure, the cells are exposed to colcemid and hypotonic solution, and then fixed with glacial acetic acid and methanol. Metaphase preparations are routinely stained by G-banding, but other staining methods are frequently employed as needed. Twenty metaphases from 3 or more primary cultures are examined. In cases of pseudomosaicism or when true mosaicism is suspected, up to 6 different primary cultures are analyzed. Five or more metaphases are stored in a computer-based imaging system and karyograms are made from 2 or more representative metaphases.(Arsham, Marilyn S., et al. editors. The AGT Cytogenetics Laboratory Manual. 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2017; Spurbeck JL, Carlson RO, Allen JE, Dewald GW. Culturing and robotic harvesting of bone marrow, lymph nodes, peripheral blood, fibroblasts, and solid tumors with in situ techniques. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1988;32:59-66)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Friday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

9 to 14 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

Any remaining specimen is discarded at the time results are reported.

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

88235, 88291-Tissue culture for amniotic fluid or chorionic villus cells, Interpretation and report

88267 w/modifier 52-Chromosome analysis, amniotic fluid or chorionic villus, <15 cells, 1 karyotype with banding (if appropriate)

88267-Chromosome analysis, amniotic fluid or chorionic villus, 15 cells, 1 karyotype with banding (if appropriate)

88267, 88285-Chromosome analysis, amniotic fluid or chorionic villus, <15 cells, 1 karyotype with banding (if appropriate)

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
CHRCV Chromosomes, Chorionic Villus Samp 62350-4
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
52319 Result Summary 50397-9
52321 Interpretation 69965-2
52320 Result 82939-0
CG769 Reason for Referral 42349-1
52322 Specimen 31208-2
52323 Source 31208-2
52325 Method 85069-3
52324 Banding Method 62359-5
54624 Additional Information 48767-8
52326 Released By 18771-6

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports