Test Catalog

Test Id : PHOS

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Phosphorus (Inorganic), Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosis and management of a variety of disorders including bone, parathyroid, and kidney disease

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Photometric, Ammonium Molybdate

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Phosphorus (Inorganic), S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Phosphate

PO4

Inorganic Phosphorus

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum

Necessary Information

Patient's age and sex are required.

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Patient Preparation: Patient should fast overnight (12-14 hours)

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red top

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Serum gel tubes should be centrifuged within 2 hours of collection.

2. Red-top tubes should be centrifuged, and the serum aliquoted into a plastic vial within 2 hours of collection.

Forms

If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Renal Diagnostics Test Request (T830) with the specimen.

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

0.25 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Frozen (preferred) 365 days
Refrigerated 7 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosis and management of a variety of disorders including bone, parathyroid, and kidney disease

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Of the phosphorus contained in the body, 88% is localized in bone in the form of hydroxyapatite. The remainder is utilized during intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and bound to physiologically important substances such as phospholipids, nucleic acids, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Phosphorus exists in blood in the form of inorganic phosphate and organically bound phosphoric acid. The small amount of extracellular organic phosphorus is found exclusively in the form of phospholipids. Serum contains approximately 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL of inorganic phosphate (the fraction measure in routine biochemical assays). Serum phosphate concentrations are dependent on dietary intake and regulation by hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25 vitamin D, and systemic acid base status and may vary widely.

 

Hypophosphatemia may have 4 general causes: shift of phosphate from extracellular to intracellular, renal phosphate wasting, loss from the gastrointestinal tract, and loss from intracellular stores.

 

Hyperphosphatemia is usually secondary to an inability of the kidneys to excrete phosphate and is common in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 or greater. Acute hyperphosphatemia can occur as a result of tissue breakdown such as rhabdomyolysis. Other possible contributory factors are increased intake, especially in combination with chronic kidney disease, or a shift of phosphate from tissues into the extracellular fluid.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

Males

1-4 years: 4.3-5.4 mg/dL

5-13 years: 3.7-5.4 mg/dL

14-15 years: 3.5-5.3 mg/dL

16-17 years: 3.1-4.7 mg/dL

> or =18 years: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Reference values have not been established for patients that are less than 12 months of age.

Females

1-7 years: 4.3-5.4 mg/dL

8-13 years: 4.0-5.2 mg/dL

14-15 years: 3.5-4.9 mg/dL

16-17 years: 3.1-4.7 mg/dL

> or =18 years: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Reference values have not been established for patients that are less than 12 months of age.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

Hypophosphatemia is relatively common in hospitalized patients. Serum concentrations of phosphate between 1.5 and 2.4 mg/dL may be considered moderately decreased and are not usually associated with clinical signs and symptoms. Levels below 1.5 mg/dL may result in muscle weakness, hemolysis of red cells, coma, bone deformity, and impaired growth.

 

The most acute problem associated with rapid elevations of serum phosphate levels is hypocalcemia with tetany, seizures, and hypotension. Soft tissue calcification is also an important long-term effect of high phosphorus levels.

 

Phosphorus levels below 1.0 mg/dL are potentially life-threatening and are considered a critical value in the Mayo Health System.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Phosphorus has a very strong biphasic circadian rhythm. Values are lowest in the morning, peak first in the late afternoon and peak again in the late evening. The second peak is quite elevated and results may be outside the reference range.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Delaney MP, Lamb EJ: Kidney disease. In: Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT, eds: Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:1280-1283

2. Agarwal R, Knochel JP: Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia. In: Brenner BM, ed. The Kidney. 6th ed. WB Saunders Company; 2000:1071-1125

3. Yu GC, Lee DBN: Clinical disorders of phosphorus metabolism. West J Med. 1987 Nov;147(5):569-576

4. Koumakis E, Cormier C, Roux C, Briot K: The causes of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia in humans. Calcif Tissue Int. 2021 Jan;108(1):41-73. doi: 10.1007/s00223-020-00664-9

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

Inorganic phosphate forms an ammonium phosphomolybdate complex with ammonium molybdate in the presence of sulfuric acid. The concentration of phosphomolybdate formed is directly proportional to the inorganic phosphate concentration and is measures photometrically.(Package insert: Phosphate (Inorganic) ver 2. Roche Diagnostics; V11.0 07/2019)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Sunday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

Same day/1 to 3 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

1 week

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

84100

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
PHOS Phosphorus (Inorganic), S 2777-1
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
PHOS Phosphorus (Inorganic), S 2777-1

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports