Test Catalog

Test Id : AGNTS

Not Orderable

Anti-Glial/Neuronal Nuclear Antibody-Type 1 (AGNA-1) Titer, Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Reporting an end titer result from serum specimens

 

Serological evaluation using serum specimens from patients who present with a subacute neurological disorder of undetermined etiology, especially those with risk factors for primary lung carcinoma

 

Directing a focused search for cancer

 

Investigating neurological symptoms that appear during, or after, cancer therapy, and are not explainable by metastasis

 

Differentiating autoimmune neuropathies from neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy

 

Monitoring the immune response of seropositive patients during cancer therapy

 

Detecting early evidence of cancer recurrence in previously seropositive patients

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests anti-glial/neuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (AGNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum

-DMS2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-EPS2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

 

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

AGNA-1 Titer, S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

AGNA

ANNA-4

Anti-Glial Nuclear Antibody

SOX

SOX-1

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests anti-glial/neuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (AGNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum

Ordering Guidance

Serum is preferred. Spinal fluid testing is particularly useful if interfering antibodies are present in the serum.

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum

-DMS2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-EPS2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

0.6 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Gross icterus Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
Frozen 28 days
Ambient 72 hours

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Reporting an end titer result from serum specimens

 

Serological evaluation using serum specimens from patients who present with a subacute neurological disorder of undetermined etiology, especially those with risk factors for primary lung carcinoma

 

Directing a focused search for cancer

 

Investigating neurological symptoms that appear during, or after, cancer therapy, and are not explainable by metastasis

 

Differentiating autoimmune neuropathies from neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy

 

Monitoring the immune response of seropositive patients during cancer therapy

 

Detecting early evidence of cancer recurrence in previously seropositive patients

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests anti-glial/neuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (AGNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Antiglial/neuronal nuclear autoantibody-type 1 (AGNA-1) is recognized clinically as a marker of a patient's immune response to a lung cancer that is usually limited in metastasis but manifests as an autoimmune neurological disorder.

 

AGNA-1 is an IgG marker of an immune response to cancer (usually a small-cell lung carcinoma: SCLC) in patients presenting with a subacute, generally multifocal, paraneoplastic neurological disorder.(1-3) It binds to the nucleus, but not cytoplasm, of SCLC cell lines and, in the adult central nervous system, to nuclei in subsets of astrocytes and neurons, as well as ependyma. Its previous name was antineuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA)-4.(2) The most common neurological presentations of patients who are positive for AGNA-1 are Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, sensorimotor or autonomic neuropathy, limbic encephalopathy, and ataxias.

 

To date all 45 seropositive patients identified in the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory have been smokers. SCLC was confirmed in more than 80% of cases. In 59% of patients, one or more identifiable coexisting paraneoplastic autoantibodies support the prediction of SCLC: P/Q-type Ca(++) channel antibody (41%) greater than N-type Ca(++) channel antibody, greater than collapsin response-mediator protein-5 (CRMP-5)-IgG greater than striational antibody equal to ANNA-1 greater than other antibodies.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum

-DMS2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-EPS2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

-AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

 

<1:240

Neuron-restricted patterns of IgG staining that do not fulfill criteria for anti-glial/neuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 may be reported as "unclassified anti-neuronal IgG." Complex patterns that include nonneuronal elements may be reported as "uninterpretable."

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

A positive result confirms that the patient's subacute neurological disorder has an autoimmune basis and predicts with greater than 80% certainty that the patient has a lung carcinoma (usually small-cell lung carcinoma: SCLC), either new or recurrent, and confined to the chest.

 

Fifteen percent of seropositive patients who are eventually proven to have SCLC additionally have an unrelated, often more obvious, cancer, either coexisting or by past history.

 

Antiglial/neuronal nuclear autoantibody-type 1 (AGNA-1) has not been encountered in healthy subjects (n=170). Its onconeural antigen is the nuclear transcription factor Sox1.(3) IgG of this specifically has been reported detectable in 30% to 40% of patients with SCLC who lack neurological complications.(4)

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Antiglial/neuronal nuclear autoantibody-type 1 (AGNA-1) is difficult to detect by immunofluorescence when it coexists with other neuronal nuclear autoantibodies, such as antineuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA)-1 or ANNA-2, unless the titer of AGNA-1 exceeds that of the coexisting autoantibodies. It has not been detected by Western blot.(1)

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Graus F, Vincent A, Pozo-Rosich P, et al: Anti-glial nuclear antibody: marker of lung cancer-related paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neuroimmunol. 2005 Aug;165(1-2):166-171

2. Lachance D, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, et al: Anti-neuronal nuclear antibody type 4 (ANNA-4), a novel paraneoplastic marker of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Neurology. 2006;66 (Suppl 2):A340

3. Sabater L, Saiz A, Titulaer MG, et al: Sox 1 antibodies are markers of paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology. 2007;68(Suppl 1):A290-A291

4. Gure AO, Stockert E, Scanlan MJ, et al: Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4198-4203

5. McKeon A, Pittock SJ: Paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol. 2011 Oct;122(4):381-400

6. Horta ES, Lennon VA, Lachance DH, et al: Neural autoantibody clusters aid diagnosis of cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jul 15;20(14):3862-3869

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The patient's sample is tested by a standardized immunofluorescence assay that uses a composite frozen section of mouse cerebellum, kidney, and gut tissues. After incubation with sample and washing, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antihuman IgG is applied. Neuron-specific autoantibodies are identified by their characteristic fluorescence staining patterns. Samples that are scored positive for any neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody are titrated to an endpoint. Interference by coexisting non-neuron-specific autoantibodies can usually be eliminated by serologic absorption.(Honorat JA, Komorowski L, Josephs KA, et al: IgLON5 antibody: neurological accompaniments and outcomes in 20 patients. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017 Jul 18;4(5):e385. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000385)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Sunday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

6 to 8 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

4 weeks

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

86256

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
AGNTS AGNA-1 Titer, S 94341-5
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
43434 AGNA-1 Titer, S 94341-5

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports