Test Id : CDUCR
Cadmium/Creatinine Ratio, Random, Urine
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Detecting exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, using random urine specimens
Profile Information
A profile is a group of laboratory tests that are ordered and performed together under a single Mayo Test ID. Profile information lists the test performed, inclusive of the test fee, when a profile is ordered and includes reporting names and individual availability.
| Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDCU | Cadmium/Creatinine Ratio, U | No | Yes |
| CRETR | Creatinine, Random, U | No | Yes |
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
CDCU: Triple-Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)
CRETR: Enzymatic Colorimetric Assay
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Cadmium (Cd)
Cd (Cadmium)
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Urine
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Patient Preparation: High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to interfere with most metal tests. If either gadolinium- or iodine-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours.
Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068)
Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine container with no metal cap or glued insert
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic, 10-mL urine tube or clean, plastic aliquot container with no metal cap or glued insert
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect urine a random urine specimen.
2. See Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport for complete instructions.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
1.5 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days | |
| Ambient | 14 days | ||
| Frozen | 28 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Detecting exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, using random urine specimens
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Cadmium toxicity resembles that of the other heavy metals, including arsenic, mercury, and lead. The kidney is the primary organ affected Kidney dysfunction with proteinuria and slow onset (over a period of years) is the typical presentation. Measurable changes in proximal tubule function, such as decreased clearance of para-aminohippuric acid, also develop over several years and precede overt kidney failure.
Inhalation of cadmium vapor can cause nasal epithelial deterioration and pulmonary congestion resembling chronic emphysema.
For nonsmokers, food is the primary source of cadmium exposure. In general, leafy vegetables such as lettuce and spinach, potatoes, grains, peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower seeds contain high levels of cadmium. For smokers, tobacco smoke is the most common source of exposure is and has been implicated as the primary source of cadmium associated with reproductive toxicity in both men and women.
Chronic cadmium exposure can cause cumulative kidney damage. Cadmium excretion is proportional to creatinine unless kidney damage is present. Cadmium-induced kidney damage may be detected by increased cadmium excretion relative to creatinine.
For Occupational Safety and Health Administration-mandated workplace exposure monitoring (Fed Reg 57:42,102-142,463, September 1992), measure urine cadmium and creatinine and report results as mcg of cadmium per gram of creatinine.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
CADMIUM/CREATININE:
0-17 years: Not established
> or =18 years: <0.6 mcg/g creatinine
CREATININE:
> or =18 years: 16-326 mg/dL
Reference values have not been established for patients who are younger than 18 years.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Urine cadmium levels primarily reflect total body burden of cadmium. Cadmium excretion above 3.0 mcg/g creatinine indicates significant exposure to cadmium.
For occupational testing, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration cadmium standard is less than 3.0 mcg/g creatinine, and the biological exposure index is 5 mcg/g creatinine.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Collection of urine specimens through a catheter frequently results in elevated values because rubber contains trace amounts of cadmium that are extracted as urine passes through the catheter.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. deBurbure C, Buchet J-P, Leroyer A, et al. Renal and neurologic effects of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in children: Evidence of early effects and multiple interactions at environmental exposure levels. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(4):584-590
2. Schulz C, Angerer J, Ewers U, et al. Revised and new reference values for environmental pollutants in urine or blood of children in Germany derived from the German Environmental Survey on Children 2003-2006(GerESIV) Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2009;212(6):637-647
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Cadmium exposure and control. US Department of Labor; Updated September 2, 2008. Accessed October 12, 2026. Available at osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/evaluation.html
4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Toxicological profile for cadmium. US Department of Health and Human Services; October 2026. Accessed October 12, 2026. Available at www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp5.pdf
5. Strathmann FG, Blum LM. Toxic elements. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham CD, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2023:chap 44
6. Wang M, Chen Z, Song W, Hong D, Huang L, Li Y. A review on cadmium exposure in the population and intervention strategies against cadmium toxicity. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021;106(1):65-74. doi:10.1007/s00128-020-03088-1
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Cadmium:
The metal of interest is analyzed by triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (Unpublished Mayo method)
Creatinine:
This enzymatic method is based on the conversion of creatinine with the aid of creatininase, creatinase, and sarcosine oxidase to form glycine, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. Catalyzed by peroxidase the liberated hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminophenazone and HTIB (2,4,6-triiodo03-hydroxybenzoic acid) to form a quinone imine chromogen. The color intensity of the quinone imine chromogen formed is directly proportional to the creatinine concentration in the reaction mixture.(Package insert: Creatinine plus ver.2. Roche Diagnostics; 07/2024)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
82300
82570
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| CDUCR | Cadmium/Creat Ratio, Random,U | 13471-8 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| CRETR | Creatinine, Random, U | 2161-8 |
| 608902 | Cadmium/Creatinine Ratio, U | 13471-8 |