Test Catalog

Test Id : AN1TC

Not Orderable

Antineuronal Nuclear Antibody-Type 1 (ANNA-1) Titer, Spinal Fluid

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosis of paraneoplastic autoimmune neuropathies, encephalomyeloradiculopathies, related neurologic disorders, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction/dysmotility associated with small-cell lung carcinoma

 

Reporting an end titer result from cerebrospinal fluid specimens

 

This test alone should not be used as a general screening test for carcinoma of the lung.

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests antineuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (ANNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-DMC2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-ENC2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-EPC2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MDC2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MAC1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-PCDEC / Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalopathy/CNS Disorder Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

 

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

ANNA-1 Titer, CSF

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests antineuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (ANNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

CSF

Ordering Guidance

Serum is preferred. Spinal fluid testing is particularly useful if interfering antibodies are present in the serum.

Necessary Information

Provide the ordering physician's name, phone number, mailing address, and e-mail address. 

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-DMC2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-ENC2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-EPC2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MDC2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MAC1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-PCDEC / Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalopathy/CNS Disorder Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

 

Container/Tube: Sterile vial

Specimen Volume: 2 mL

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

1 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Gross icterus Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
CSF Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
Frozen 28 days
Ambient 72 hours

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Diagnosis of paraneoplastic autoimmune neuropathies, encephalomyeloradiculopathies, related neurologic disorders, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction/dysmotility associated with small-cell lung carcinoma

 

Reporting an end titer result from cerebrospinal fluid specimens

 

This test alone should not be used as a general screening test for carcinoma of the lung.

Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.

If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests antineuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (ANNA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

A spectrum of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders is found with antineuronal nuclear antibody type1 (ANNA-1), also known as anti-Hu. Most frequent are neuropathies: mixed sensorimotor, pure sensory, predominantly autonomic, and least commonly, predominantly motor. Other manifestations include limbic encephalitis, subacute cerebellar degeneration, myelopathy, or radiculopathy.

 

Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is almost always present, although difficult to find. Thymoma or neuroblastoma are encountered rarely as the pertinent neoplasm.

 

ANNA-1 antibody is an extremely valuable marker of paraneoplastic intestinal dysmotilities associated with SCLC, ranging from gastroparesis to pseudo-obstruction.

 

ANNA-1 antibody is uncommon in patients with SCLC without a neuropathy, including patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome or pure cerebellar ataxia.

 

ANNA-1 has been encountered in children with intestinal dysmotility, cerebellar ataxia, brain stem encephalitis, and myeloneuropathy with and without evident cancer (neuroblastoma).

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

Only orderable as a reflex. For more information see:

-DMC2 / Dementia, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-ENC2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-EPC2 / Epilepsy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MDC2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-MAC1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

-PCDEC / Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalopathy/CNS Disorder Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

 

<1:2

Neuron-restricted patterns of IgG staining that do not fulfill criteria for antineuronal nuclear antibody type 1 may be reported as "unclassified antineuronal IgG." Complex patterns that include nonneuronal elements may be reported as "uninterpretable."

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

This autoantibody is rarely found in adult patients without asbestos exposure, or a long history of tobacco use or passive exposure. Sixty-six percent of seropositive patients are female; small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has been confirmed in 83% of those with adequate follow-up. In 15% of patients with confirmed SCLC, an unrelated and more obvious primary malignancy coexists with SCLC.

 

Antineuronal nuclear antibody type 1 is found before SCLC is diagnosed in 55% of cases.

 

Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging of the chest, and transesophageal ultrasound sometimes reveal malignant adenopathy when computed tomography is negative. An extra pulmonary primary small-cell carcinoma (eg, skin, larynx, tongue, breast, cervix, prostate, endocrine, or pancreas) should be considered, especially in nonsmoking patients.

 

Autopsy sometimes reveals SCLC in patients who lack evidence of tumor in life.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

A cancer other than small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) may be found first but will coexist with SCLC in 15% of cases.

 

Antineuronal nuclear antibody type 1 (ANNA-1) is only 1 of 7 neuronal (or glial) nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibodies that are currently recognized as a serological marker of neurologic autoimmunity associated with SCLC. The others are ANNA-2, ANNA-3, amphiphysin, Purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 2, collapsin response-mediator protein-5 (CRMP-5-IgG), and antiglial nuclear antibody (AGNA).

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Lucchinetti CF, Kimmel DW, Lennon VA: Paraneoplastic and oncological and profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies. Neurology. 1998 Mar;50(3):652-657

2. Vernino S, Eggenberger ER, Rogers LR, Lennon VA: Paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity associated with ANNA-1 autoantibody and thymoma. Neurology. 2002 Sep 24;59(6):929-932

3. Pranzatelli MR, McGee NR. Neuroimmunology of OMS and ANNA-1/anti-Hu paraneoplastic syndromes in a child with neuroblastoma. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017 Dec 22;5(2):e433. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000433

4. Horta ES, Lennon VA, Lachance DH, et al: Neural autoantibody clusters aid diagnosis of cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Jul 15;20(14):3862-3869

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The patient's sample is tested by a standardized immunofluorescence assay that uses a composite frozen section of mouse cerebellum, kidney, and gut tissues. After incubation with sample and washing, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antihuman IgG is applied. Neuron-specific autoantibodies are identified by their characteristic fluorescence staining patterns. Samples that are scored positive for any neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody are titrated to an endpoint. Interference by coexisting non-neuron-specific autoantibodies can usually be eliminated by serologic absorption.(Honorat JA, Komorowski L, Josephs KA, et al: IgLON5 antibody: neurological accompaniments and outcomes in 20 patients. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017 Jul 18;4(5):e385. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000385)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday through Sunday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

6 to 8 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

28 days

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

86256

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
AN1TC ANNA-1 Titer, CSF 94356-3
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
43440 ANNA-1 Titer, CSF 94356-3

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports