Test Catalog

Test Id : RETZZ

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Syndrome, RET, Full Gene Analysis, Varies

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Evaluating patients with a personal or family history suggestive of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) or Hirschsprung disease (HSCR)

 

Establishing a diagnosis of MEN2 or HSCR allowing for targeted cancer surveillance based on associated risks

 

Identifying variants within genes known to be associated with MEN2 or HSCR allowing for predictive testing of at-risk family members

Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request

This test utilizes next-generation sequencing to detect single nucleotide and copy number variants in the RET gene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease. See Method Description for additional details.

 

Identification of a disease-causing variant may assist with diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management, familial screening, and genetic counseling for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease.

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Sequence Capture and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Sanger Sequencing.

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

RET Full Gene Analysis

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer

FMTC

HSCR

Medullary thyroid cancer

MEN2

MEN2A

MEN2B

MTC

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B

NextGen Sequencing Test

Marfanoid habitus

Ganglioneuromatosis

Pheochromocytoma

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Hirschsprung Disease

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Varies

Ordering Guidance

For a comprehensive hereditary cancer panel that includes the RET gene, consider 1 of the following

-ENDCP / Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Panel, Varies

-HPGLP / Hereditary Paraganglioma/Pheochromocytoma Panel, Varies

-THYRP / Hereditary Thyroid Cancer Panel, Varies

 

Testing for the RET gene as part of a customized panel is available. For more information see CGPH / Custom Gene Panel, Hereditary, Next-Generation Sequencing, Varies.

 

Targeted testing for familial variants (also called site-specific or known mutations testing) is available for this gene. For more information see FMTT / Familial Variant, Targeted Testing, Varies. To obtain more information about this testing option, call 800-533-1710.

 

If the reason for testing indicates the MECP2 gene or Rett Syndrome, order MCP2Z / MECP2 Gene, Full Gene Analysis, Varies. If this test is ordered in this situation, it will be canceled and MCP2Z ordered and performed as the appropriate test.

Shipping Instructions

Specimen preferred to arrive within 96 hours of collection.

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Patient Preparation: A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. Call 800-533-1710 for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.

Specimen Type: Whole blood

Container/Tube:

Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)

Acceptable: Any anticoagulant

Specimen Volume: 3 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Invert several times to mix blood.

2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred) 4 days/Refrigerated

Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test

Forms

1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available:

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)

2. Molecular Genetics: Inherited Cancer Syndromes Patient Information (T519)

3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Oncology Test Request (T729) with the specimen.

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

1 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Varies Varies

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Evaluating patients with a personal or family history suggestive of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) or Hirschsprung disease (HSCR)

 

Establishing a diagnosis of MEN2 or HSCR allowing for targeted cancer surveillance based on associated risks

 

Identifying variants within genes known to be associated with MEN2 or HSCR allowing for predictive testing of at-risk family members

Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request

This test utilizes next-generation sequencing to detect single nucleotide and copy number variants in the RET gene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease. See Method Description for additional details.

 

Identification of a disease-causing variant may assist with diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management, familial screening, and genetic counseling for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease.

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Variants in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with two distinct and, in rare cases, overlapping clinical syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR).(1)

 

MEN2:

MEN2 is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome, which has classically been divided into 3 subtypes: MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). The characteristic features of MEN2A include medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism.(1-3) MEN2B is characterized by early-onset MTC, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas, and distinctive facies with enlarged lips. Other features of MEN2B include enlarged nerves of the gastrointestinal tract (ganglioneuromatosis), marfanoid habitus, hypotonia, and corneal nerve thickening.(1-3) FMTC has traditionally been diagnosed in families of MTC in the absence of pheochromocytoma or parathyroid involvement. All MEN2 subtypes are inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American Thyroid Association provide recommendations regarding the medical management of individuals with MEN2 syndrome.(1,4)

 

HSCR:

HSCR, also known as aganglionic megacolon, is a congenital disorder of impaired intestinal motility.(1,5,6) Variable lengths of the colon may be affected, resulting in either total aganglionosis, long-segment HSCR, or short-segment HSCR. HSCR affects approximately 1 in 5000 live births and is resolved via surgical intervention.(1,5,6) HSCR can result from chromosome abnormalities, single gene disorders (both syndromic and non-syndromic), a combination of variants in multiple genes, and unknown causes.(1,5,6) However, disease-causing RET variants are considered the most common cause of HSCR cases, particularly in families with multiple cases of HSCR and long-segment disease.(1,5,6) It has been reported that up to 50% of familial cases of HSCR and up to 33% of sporadic HSCR cases are due to RET germline variants.(1,5,6)

 

While gain-of-function variants in RET are typically associated with MEN2, loss-of-function variants have been reported in patients with HSCR including full or partial RET gene deletions.(1) In addition to clearly disease-causing RET variants that cause HSCR, additional benign variants in RET (which may not be causative in themselves) confer increased susceptibility to HSCR.(1)

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

An interpretive report will be provided.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

All detected variants are evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations.(7) Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Clinical Correlations:

Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings, family history, and other laboratory data. Misinterpretation of results may occur if the information provided is inaccurate or incomplete.

 

If testing was performed because of a clinically significant family history, it is often useful to first test an affected family member. Detection of a reportable variant in an affected family member would allow for more informative testing of at-risk individuals.

 

To discuss the availability of additional testing options or for assistance in the interpretation of these results, contact the Mayo Clinic Laboratories genetic counselors at 800-533-1710.

 

Technical Limitations:

Next-generation sequencing may not detect all types of genomic variants. In rare cases, false-negative or false-positive results may occur. The depth of coverage may be variable for some target regions; assay performance below the minimum acceptable criteria or for failed regions will be noted. Given these limitations, negative results do not rule out the diagnosis of a genetic disorder. If a specific clinical disorder is suspected, evaluation by alternative methods can be considered.

 

There may be regions of genes that cannot be effectively evaluated by sequencing or deletion and duplication analysis as a result of technical limitations of the assay, including regions of homology, high guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and repetitive sequences. Confirmation of select reportable variants will be performed by alternate methodologies based on internal laboratory criteria.

 

This test is validated to detect 95% of deletions up to 75 base pairs (bp) and insertions up to 47 bp. Deletions-insertions (delins) of 40 or more bp, including mobile element insertions, may be less reliably detected than smaller delins.

 

Deletion/Duplication Analysis:

This analysis targets single and multi-exon deletions/duplications; however, in some instances, single exon resolution cannot be achieved due to isolated reduction in sequence coverage or inherent genomic complexity. Balanced structural rearrangements (such as translocations and inversions) may not be detected.

 

This test is not designed to detect low levels of mosaicism or to differentiate between somatic and germline variants. If there is a possibility that any detected variant is somatic, additional testing may be necessary to clarify the significance of results.

 

For detailed information regarding gene specific performance and technical limitations, see Method Description or contact a laboratory genetic counselor at 800-533-1710.

 

If the patient has had an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant or a recent blood transfusion, results may be inaccurate due to the presence of donor DNA. Call Mayo Clinic Laboratories for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.

 

Reclassification of Variants:

Currently, it is not standard practice for the laboratory to systematically review previously classified variants on a regular basis. The laboratory encourages healthcare providers to contact the laboratory at any time to learn how the classification of a particular variant may have changed over time.

 

Variant Evaluation:

Evaluation and categorization of variants are performed using published American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology recommendations as a guideline.(7) Other gene-specific guidelines may also be considered. Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance. Variants classified as benign or likely benign are not reported.

 

Multiple in silico evaluation tools may be used to assist in the interpretation of these results. The accuracy of predictions made by in silico evaluation tools is highly dependent upon the data available for a given gene, and periodic updates to these tools may cause predictions to change over time. Results from in silico evaluation tools should be interpreted with caution and professional clinical judgment.

 

Rarely, incidental or secondary findings may implicate another predisposition or presence of active disease. Incidental findings may include, but are not limited to, results related to the sex chromosomes. These findings will be carefully reviewed to determine whether they will be reported.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Eng C: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. In: Adam MP, Everman DB, Mirzaa GM, et al, eds. GeneReviews [Internet]. University of Washington, Seattle; 1999. Updated August 15, 2019. Accessed November 7, 2022. Available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1257/

2. American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force, Wells SA, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al: Revised American Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun 1; 25(6):567-610

3. Moline J, Eng C: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: an overview. Genet Med. 2011 Sep;13(9):755-764

4. Haddad RI, Nasr C, Bischoff L, et al: NCCN guidelines insights: Thyroid carcinoma, version 2.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018 Dec;16(12):1429-1440

5. Ruiz-Ferrer M, Fernandez RM, Antinolo G, et al: A complex additive model of inheritance for Hirschsprung disease is supported by both RET mutations and predisposing RET haplotypes. Genet Med. 2006 Nov;8(11):704-710

6. de Pontual L, Pelet A, Trochet D, et al: Mutations of the RET gene in isolated and syndromic Hirschsprung's disease in human disclose major and modifier alleles at a single locus. J Med Genet. 2006 May;43(5):419-423

7. Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al: Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015 May;17(5):405-424

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and/or Sanger sequencing are performed to test for the presence of variants in coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the RET gene, as well as some other regions that have known disease-causing variants. The human genome reference GRCh37/hg19 build was used for sequence read alignment. At least 99% of the bases are covered at a read depth over 30X. Sensitivity is estimated at above 99% for single nucleotide variants, above 94% for deletion/insertions (delins) less than 40 base pairs (bp), above 95% for deletions up to 75 bp and insertions up to 47 bp. NGS and/or a polymerase chain reaction-based quantitative method is performed to test for the presence of deletions and duplications in the RET gene.

 

There may be regions of the gene that cannot be effectively evaluated by sequencing or deletion and duplication analysis as a result of technical limitations of the assay, including regions of homology, high guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and repetitive sequences.(Unpublished Mayo method)

 

The reference transcript for RET gene is NM_020975.6. Reference transcript numbers may be updated due to transcript re-versioning. Always refer to the final patient report for gene transcript information referenced at the time of testing.

 

Confirmation of select reportable variants may be performed by alternate methodologies based on internal laboratory criteria.

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

Supplemental

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Varies

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

21 to 28 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

Whole blood: 2 weeks (if available); Extracted DNA: 3 months

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

81406

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
RETZZ RET Full Gene Analysis 101386-1
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
614839 Test Description 62364-5
614840 Specimen 31208-2
614841 Source 31208-2
614842 Result Summary 50397-9
614843 Result 82939-0
614844 Interpretation 69047-9
614845 Resources 99622-3
614846 Additional Information 48767-8
614847 Method 85069-3
614848 Genes Analyzed 48018-6
614849 Disclaimer 62364-5
614850 Released By 18771-6

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports