Test Catalog

Test Id : CYSTG

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Cysticercosis (Taenia solium), IgG, Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Aid for the diagnosis of cysticercosis caused by infection with Taenia solium

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

Cysticercosis (T. solium), IgG, S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Bladder worm

Cysticercosis

CYSTG

CYSTS

Taeniasis

Taenia solium

Tapeworm

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red top

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into plastic vial.

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

0.4 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Heat-inactivated specimen Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 14 days
Frozen 30 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Aid for the diagnosis of cysticercosis caused by infection with Taenia solium

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Cysticercosis is caused by infection with Taenia solium, a tapeworm (cestode). In this form of infection, humans and pigs serve as the intermediate host and have the cystic larval form in their tissues. Humans can also serve as the definitive host for T solium and have the adult form in their intestine (known as taeniasis).

 

Humans acquire cysticercosis by ingesting microscopic T solium eggs in contaminated food, water, or on fomites. The eggs enter the environment when they are shed in stool from a person with the intestinal form of infection; this could be the same patient (autoinfection) or a different patient. Once ingested, the eggs hatch in the intestine to release oncospheres, which invade the intestinal wall and disseminate via the blood to muscles, liver, brain, and other tissues where they form cysts (cysticerci).

 

Taeniasis occurs when cysticerci are ingested in the undercooked flesh of an infected intermediate host (eg, pig). In the small intestine, cysticerci will evaginate and attach via a scolex to the intestinal wall. They then grow to become mature adult tapeworms. Adults can reside in the intestine for years and grow from 2 to 7 meters with over 500 proglottids, each filled with 50,000 eggs.

 

While cysticercosis and taeniasis occur globally, in the United States, infections are predominantly encountered in immigrants from Latin and Central America who acquired the infection locally.

 

The symptoms associated with cysticercosis depend on where the cysticerci localize, their size, number, and stage (degenerating, calcified, etc). The time between initial infection and symptom onset may vary from several months to years. The presence of cysts in the brain or spinal cord, referred to as neurocysticercosis, is the most serious form of disease and, while some individuals may be asymptomatic, many present with seizures (70%-90%), headache, confusion, and difficulty with balance. Cysts present in striated muscle are typically asymptomatic.

 

Diagnosis of cysticercosis relies on both imaging studies and serologic testing results. Importantly, detection of T solium eggs or proglottids in stool by an ova and parasite exam is diagnostic for taeniasis, not cysticercosis. Individuals with taeniasis should be evaluated for cysticercosis by serology since autoinfection can occur.

 

Due to imperfect sensitivity and specificity of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for cysticercosis, it is recommended that both positive and negative results by commercial ELISA be confirmed by a cysticercosis immunoblot offered through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/dpdx/cysticercosis/index.html) for patients strongly suspected of having cysticercosis. Currently available antibody detection assays are unable to distinguish between active and inactive infections.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

Negative

Reference values apply to all ages.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

Positive:

Antibodies to Taenia solium (cysticercosis) detected. Confirmatory testing through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is recommended. False-positive results may occur in patients with other helminth infections.

 

Negative:

No antibodies to T solium (cysticercosis) detected. A negative result may not rule-out infection as the sample may have been collected prior to the development of a detectable level of antibodies. Sensitivity is negatively impacted by the presence of few cysticerci or location in areas less accessible to the immune system. Repeat testing on a new sample is recommended for patients at high risk of cysticercosis.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Diagnosis of cysticercosis should be based on exposure history, clinical presentation, other laboratory findings, and imaging studies.

 

False-negative results may occur in severely immunosuppressed patients.

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. Garvey BT, Moyano LM, Ayvar V, et al: Neurocysticercosis among people living near pigs heavily infected with cysticercosis in rural endemic Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(2):558-564

2. Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH. Taenia solium cysticercosis and its impact in neurological disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33(3):e00085-19. doi:10.1128/CMR.00085-19

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The kit provides all the material needed to perform 96 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on breakable microtitration wells sensitized with Taenia solium cyst soluble antigens. Specific antibodies in the sample will bind to these antigens and washing will remove unspecific antibodies. The presence of parasite specific antibodies is detected with a protein A - alkaline phosphatase conjugate. A second washing step will remove unbound conjugate. Revealing bound antibodies is made by the addition of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) substrate, which turns yellow in the presence of alkaline phosphatase. Color intensity is proportional to the amount of T solium specific antibodies in the sample. Potassium phosphate is added to stop the reaction. Absorbance at 405 nm is read using an ELISA microplate reader.(Package insert: Taenia solium Enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of human cysticercosis. Bordier Affinity Products SA; 04/2018)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Tuesday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

1 to 7 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

14 days

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

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Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

86682

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
CYSTG Cysticercosis (T. solium), IgG, S 56485-6
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
CYSTG Cysticercosis (T. solium), IgG, S 56485-6

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

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Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports