Test Catalog

Test Id : FRT4D

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T4 (Thyroxine), Free, Dialysis, Serum

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Overview

Test Catalog

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Determining thyroid status of sick, hospitalized patients

 

Determining thyroid status of patients in whom abnormal binding proteins have been identified

 

Possibly useful in pediatric patients

Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test

Equilibrium Dialysis/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)

NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.

Yes

Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test

T4 (Thyroxine), Free by Dialysis, S

Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching

Free T4 (Thyroxine)

FT4 by Dialysis

FT4 by Equilibrium Dialysis

FT4 by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

T4 (Thyroxine) Free

T4 by Dialysis

Thyroxine (T4), Total or Free

Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing

Serum

Ordering Guidance

The routine free T4 is faster and provides useful information for most patients; order FRT4 / T4 (Thyroxine), Free, Serum.

Necessary Information

Include name and telephone number of contact physician

Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Red top

Acceptable: Serum gel

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: 2.6 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Draw blood immediately before next scheduled dose.

2. Centrifuge and aliquot serum into plastic vial within 2 hours of collection.

Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory

1.2 mL

Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected

Gross hemolysis Reject
Gross lipemia Reject
Gross icterus Reject

Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 28 days
Frozen 21 days
Ambient 7 days

Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful

Determining thyroid status of sick, hospitalized patients

 

Determining thyroid status of patients in whom abnormal binding proteins have been identified

 

Possibly useful in pediatric patients

Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the 2 biologically active thyroid hormones. T4 makes up more than 80% of circulating thyroid hormones.

 

Following secretion by the thyroid gland, approximately 70% of circulating T4 and T3 are bound to thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), while 10% to 20% each are bound to transthyretin (TTR) and albumin, respectively. Less than 0.1% circulates as free T4 (FT4) or free T3 (FT3). FT4 and FT3 enter and leave cells freely by diffusion. Only the free hormones are biologically active, but bound and free fractions are in equilibrium. Equilibrium with TTR and albumin is rapid. By contrast, TBG binds thyroid hormones very tightly and equilibrium dissociation is slow. Biologically, TBG-bound thyroid hormone serves as a hormone reservoir, and T4 serves as a prohormone for T3. Within cells, T4 is either converted to T3, which is about 5 times as potent as T4, or reverse T3, which is biologically inactive. Ultimately, T3, and to a much lesser degree T4, bind to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, altering gene expression patterns in a tissue-specific fashion.

 

Under normal physiologic conditions, FT4 and FT3 exert direct and indirect negative feedback on pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the major hormone regulating thyroid gland activity. This results in tight regulation of thyroid hormone production and constant levels of FT4 and FT3 independent of the binding protein concentration. Measurement of FT4 and FT3, in conjunction with TSH measurement, therefore, represents the best method to determine thyroid function status. It also allows determination of whether hyperthyroidism (increased FT4) or hypothyroidism (low FT4) are primary (most cases; TSH altered in the opposite direction as FT4) or secondary/tertiary (hypothalamic/pituitary origin; TSH altered in the same direction as FT4). By contrast, total T4 and T3 levels can vary widely as a response to changes in binding protein levels, without any change in free thyroid hormone levels and, hence, actual thyroid function status.

 

FT4 is usually measured by automated analog immunoassays. In most instances, this will result in accurate results. However, abnormal types or quantities of binding proteins found in some patients and most often related to other illnesses or drug treatments, may interfere in the accurate measurement of FT4 by analog immunoassays. These problems can be overcome by measuring FT4 by equilibrium dialysis, free from interfering proteins.

Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.

0.8-2.0 ng/dL

Reference values apply to all ages.

Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results

All free hormone assays should be combined with thyrotropin measurements.

 

Free thyroxine (FT4) levels below 0.8 ng/dL indicate possible hypothyroidism. FT4 levels above 2.0 ng/dL indicates possible hyperthyroidism.

 

Neonates can have significantly higher FT4 levels. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis can take several days or, sometimes, weeks to mature.

Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances

Certain drugs may cause short-term free thyroxine fluctuations:

-Heparin

-Salicylates

-Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

-Salicylic acid (salsalate)

-Furosemide

-Fenclofenac

-Mefenamic acid

-Flufenamic acid

-Diclofenac

-Diflunisal

-Phenytoin

-Carbamazepine

Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature

1. De Brabandere VI, Hou P, Stockl D, Thienpont LM, De Leenheer AP. Isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of serum thyroxine as a potential reference method. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1998;12:1099-1103

2. Jain R, Uy HL. Increase in serum free thyroxine levels related to intravenous heparin treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:74-75

3. Stockigt JR. Free thyroid hormone measurement. A critical appraisal. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001;30(2):265-289

4. Sakai H, Nagao H, Sakurai M, et al. Correlation between serum levels of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine and thyroid hormones measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and immunoassay [published correction appears in PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159169]. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0138864. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138864

5. Kahric-Janicic N, Soldin SJ, Soldin OP, West T, Gu J, Jonklaas J. Tandem mass spectrometry improves the accuracy of free thyroxine measurements during pregnancy. Thyroid. 2007;17(4):303-311. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0303

Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference

The equilibrium dialysis method separates free thyroxine from serum proteins and, thereby, also from protein-bound thyroxine (T4), before measuring it in the protein-free dialysate using sensitive, tandem mass spectrometry. The results are independent of the concentrations of the T4-binding proteins and unaffected by the presence of molecular variants of these proteins.(Soldin SJ, Soukhova N, Janicic N, Jonklaas J, Soldin OP. The measurement of free thyroxine by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;358[1-2]:113-118; Masika LS, Zhao Z, Soldin SJ. Is measurement of TT3 by immunoassay reliable at low concentrations? A comparison of the Roche cobas 6000 vs. LC-MSMS. Clin Biochem. 2016;49[12]:846-849)

PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information

No

Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.

Monday, Wednesday, Thursday

Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.

3 to 8 days

Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded

2 weeks

Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test

Rochester

Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.

  • Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
  • Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
  • Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.

CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.

84439

LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.

Test Id Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
FRT4D T4 (Thyroxine), Free by Dialysis, S 6892-4
Result Id Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
8859 T4 (Thyroxine), Free by Dialysis, S 6892-4

Test Setup Resources

Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.

Excel | PHP Pdf | CMS Pdf

Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.

Normal Reports | Abnormal Reports

SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.

SI Normal Reports | SI Abnormal Reports